Hướng dẫn triển khai FHIR cốt lõi Việt Nam — VN Core FHIR Implementation Guide - Draft for Community Review (v0.10.0) built by the FHIR (HL7® FHIR® Standard) Build Tools. See the Directory of published versions

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Hồ sơ tài nguyên: Xét nghiệm VN Core — VN Core Observation Laboratory Profile

Profile Observation cho kết quả xét nghiệm lâm sàng tại Việt Nam. Sử dụng LOINC làm mã xét nghiệm (system = http://loinc.org; 104.054 mã LOINC 2.78, bản dịch tiếng Việt do BYT phát hành qua supplement vn-loinc-cs). BYT đã ban hành bộ mã CLS quốc gia ánh xạ sang LOINC (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT 11/04/2025). Căn cứ: QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT (2025), TT 13/2025/TT-BYT, QĐ 130/QĐ-BYT sửa đổi bởi QĐ 3176/QĐ-BYT (2024).

Usages:

• Refer to this Profile: Cuộc hẹn khám bệnh VN Core — VN Core Appointment Profile, Sổ Sức khoẻ điện tử VN Core — VN Core Health Record Summary (Patient Summary) Profile, Bệnh án điện tử VN Core — VN Core Composition Profile, Ghi nhận sử dụng VTYT VN Core — VN Core DeviceUseStatement Profile... Show 3 more, Báo cáo Xét nghiệm VN Core — VN Core Lab DiagnosticReport, Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile and Công việc điều phối VN Core — VN Core Task Profile
• Examples for this Profile: Observation/ExampleObservationLabALT, Observation/ExampleObservationLabCBC, Observation/ExampleObservationLabCodingDARBypass, Observation/ExampleObservationLabComponentCodingDARBypass... Show 12 more, Observation/ExampleObservationLabComponentImagingCodeMisuse, Observation/ExampleObservationLabCreatinine, Observation/ExampleObservationLabEmptyComponent, Observation/ExampleObservationLabFinalEmpty, Observation/ExampleObservationLabGlucose, Observation/ExampleObservationLabHbA1c, Observation/ExampleObservationLabImagingCodeMisuse, Observation/ExampleObservationLabMissingUcum, Observation/ExampleObservationLabQuantityWithoutUcumCode, Observation/ExampleObservationLabUrinalysis, Observation/ExampleObservationLabWrongUnitAxis and Observation/ExampleObservationSpecimenError
• CapabilityStatements using this Profile: VN Core Data Requester CapabilityStatement, VN Core Data Responder CapabilityStatement, VN Core EMR Server CapabilityStatement and VN Core Server CapabilityStatement

You can also check for usages in the FHIR IG Statistics

Các dạng xem hình thức của nội dung hồ sơ

Mô tả profile, differential, snapshot và các biểu diễn liên quan.

• Bảng phần tử chính
• Bảng Differential
• Bảng Snapshot
• Nghĩa vụ hỗ trợ
• Thống kê/Tham chiếu
• Tất cả

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vn-lab-observation-ucum, vn-lab-final-result-complete
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile)	Chỉ định xét nghiệm làm căn cứ trả kết quả
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	Trạng thái (registered, preliminary, final, amended) Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
category:Laboratory	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Laboratory
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SOΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã xét nghiệm — LOINC và/hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã LOINC
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
coding:vnCls	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT) — miền xét nghiệm
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile)	Bệnh nhân Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile)	Lượt khám liên quan
effective[x]	SOΣ	1..1		Thời điểm lấy mẫu/đo Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile | Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile | Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile)	Người/đơn vị thực hiện xét nghiệm
Slices for value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Kết quả xét nghiệm Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	ΣC	0..1	Quantity	Actual result
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
system	ΣC	0..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	SΣ	0..1	code	Mã đơn vị UCUM — đối chiếu được với property `ucum-unit` của mã CLS
interpretation	SO	0..*	CodeableConcept	Diễn giải (H, L, N, A...) Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
note		0..*	Annotation	Ghi chú kết quả
method	SO	0..1	CodeableConcept	Phương pháp xét nghiệm — TT 49/2018/TT-BYT Điều 5 khoản 4 điểm a Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
specimen		0..1	Reference(Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile)	Mẫu bệnh phẩm
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Khoảng tham chiếu Constraints: obs-3
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
component	SOΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã chỉ số xét nghiệm thành phần — LOINC hoặc danh mục CLS Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system
Documentation for this format

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category:Laboratory	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.​comparator	Base	required	QuantityComparator	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vn-lab-final-result-complete	error	Observation	Kết quả xét nghiệm ở trạng thái final/amended/corrected phải có ĐÚNG MỘT trong hai: giá trị (value) hoặc lý do vắng giá trị (dataAbsentReason) — trừ panel dùng hasMember hoặc kết quả đa thành phần dùng component, và KHI dùng component thì TỪNG component cũng phải tự đủ value-xor-dataAbsentReason (siết P1 #2 round 3, 14/08/2026: component RỖNG từng là đường né hợp đồng; hasMember treo — trỏ resource không tồn tại — bị chặn ở tầng example-graph closure). A final/amended/corrected lab result SHALL have exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason, unless it is a panel (hasMember) or a multi-component result whose EVERY component itself carries exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason.	(status = 'final' or status = 'amended' or status = 'corrected') implies (hasMember.where(reference.exists() or identifier.exists()).exists() or (component.exists() and component.all(value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists())) or (value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists()))
vn-lab-observation-code-system	error	Observation.code, Observation.component.code	Mã xét nghiệm phải có ít nhất một coding thuộc LOINC hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam. A lab result code SHALL carry at least one coding from LOINC or the Vietnamese clinical-lab indicator catalogue.	coding.where(system.hasValue() and code.hasValue() and (system = 'http://loinc.org' or system = 'http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs')).exists()
vn-lab-observation-ucum	error	Observation	Kết quả dạng số — ở giá trị gốc HOẶC ở từng component — phải dùng đơn vị UCUM và có mã đơn vị, không chỉ có tên đơn vị dạng chữ. A quantitative lab result SHALL use a UCUM-coded unit.	(value.ofType(Quantity).exists() implies (value.ofType(Quantity).system.hasValue() and value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and value.ofType(Quantity).code.hasValue())) and component.value.ofType(Quantity).all(system.hasValue() and system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and code.hasValue())

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: vn-lab-observation-ucum, vn-lab-final-result-complete
basedOn		0..*	Reference(Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile)	Chỉ định xét nghiệm làm căn cứ trả kết quả
status	SO	1..1	code	Trạng thái (registered, preliminary, final, amended) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
category:Laboratory	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Required Pattern: At least the following Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Laboratory
code	SOC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã xét nghiệm — LOINC và/hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for coding		0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	S	0..1	Coding	Mã LOINC
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
coding:vnCls	S	0..1	Coding	Mã chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT) — miền xét nghiệm
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
subject	SO	1..1	Reference(Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile)	Bệnh nhân Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
encounter		0..1	Reference(Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile)	Lượt khám liên quan
effective[x]	SO	1..1	dateTime, Period, Timing, instant	Thời điểm lấy mẫu/đo Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
performer		0..*	Reference(Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile | Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile | Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile)	Người/đơn vị thực hiện xét nghiệm
Slices for value[x]	SO	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Kết quả xét nghiệm Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
value[x]:valueQuantity		0..1	Quantity	Actual result
system		0..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	S	0..1	code	Mã đơn vị UCUM — đối chiếu được với property `ucum-unit` của mã CLS
interpretation	SO	0..*	CodeableConcept	Diễn giải (H, L, N, A...) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
note		0..*	Annotation	Ghi chú kết quả
method	SO	0..1	CodeableConcept	Phương pháp xét nghiệm — TT 49/2018/TT-BYT Điều 5 khoản 4 điểm a Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
specimen		0..1	Reference(Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile)	Mẫu bệnh phẩm
referenceRange		0..*	BackboneElement	Khoảng tham chiếu
component	SO	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
code	SC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã chỉ số xét nghiệm thành phần — LOINC hoặc danh mục CLS Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system
Documentation for this format

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.component.​code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
vn-lab-final-result-complete	error	Observation	Kết quả xét nghiệm ở trạng thái final/amended/corrected phải có ĐÚNG MỘT trong hai: giá trị (value) hoặc lý do vắng giá trị (dataAbsentReason) — trừ panel dùng hasMember hoặc kết quả đa thành phần dùng component, và KHI dùng component thì TỪNG component cũng phải tự đủ value-xor-dataAbsentReason (siết P1 #2 round 3, 14/08/2026: component RỖNG từng là đường né hợp đồng; hasMember treo — trỏ resource không tồn tại — bị chặn ở tầng example-graph closure). A final/amended/corrected lab result SHALL have exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason, unless it is a panel (hasMember) or a multi-component result whose EVERY component itself carries exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason.	(status = 'final' or status = 'amended' or status = 'corrected') implies (hasMember.where(reference.exists() or identifier.exists()).exists() or (component.exists() and component.all(value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists())) or (value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists()))
vn-lab-observation-code-system	error	Observation.code, Observation.component.code	Mã xét nghiệm phải có ít nhất một coding thuộc LOINC hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam. A lab result code SHALL carry at least one coding from LOINC or the Vietnamese clinical-lab indicator catalogue.	coding.where(system.hasValue() and code.hasValue() and (system = 'http://loinc.org' or system = 'http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs')).exists()
vn-lab-observation-ucum	error	Observation	Kết quả dạng số — ở giá trị gốc HOẶC ở từng component — phải dùng đơn vị UCUM và có mã đơn vị, không chỉ có tên đơn vị dạng chữ. A quantitative lab result SHALL use a UCUM-coded unit.	(value.ofType(Quantity).exists() implies (value.ofType(Quantity).system.hasValue() and value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and value.ofType(Quantity).code.hasValue())) and component.value.ofType(Quantity).all(system.hasValue() and system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and code.hasValue())

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vn-lab-observation-ucum, vn-lab-final-result-complete
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile)	Chỉ định xét nghiệm làm căn cứ trả kết quả
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	Trạng thái (registered, preliminary, final, amended) Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
category:Laboratory	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Laboratory
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SOΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã xét nghiệm — LOINC và/hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã LOINC
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
coding:vnCls	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT) — miền xét nghiệm
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile)	Bệnh nhân Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile)	Lượt khám liên quan
effective[x]	SOΣ	1..1		Thời điểm lấy mẫu/đo Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile | Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile | Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile)	Người/đơn vị thực hiện xét nghiệm
Slices for value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Kết quả xét nghiệm Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	ΣC	0..1	Quantity	Actual result
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
value	Σ	0..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	0..1	string	Unit representation
system	ΣC	0..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	SΣ	0..1	code	Mã đơn vị UCUM — đối chiếu được với property `ucum-unit` của mã CLS
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation	SO	0..*	CodeableConcept	Diễn giải (H, L, N, A...) Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
note		0..*	Annotation	Ghi chú kết quả
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method	SO	0..1	CodeableConcept	Phương pháp xét nghiệm — TT 49/2018/TT-BYT Điều 5 khoản 4 điểm a Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
specimen		0..1	Reference(Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile)	Mẫu bệnh phẩm
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Khoảng tham chiếu Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SOΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã chỉ số xét nghiệm thành phần — LOINC hoặc danh mục CLS Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.language	Base	preferred	Common Languages	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category:Laboratory	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.​comparator	Base	required	QuantityComparator	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite	Base	example	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type	Base	preferred	Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo	Base	example	Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vn-lab-final-result-complete	error	Observation	Kết quả xét nghiệm ở trạng thái final/amended/corrected phải có ĐÚNG MỘT trong hai: giá trị (value) hoặc lý do vắng giá trị (dataAbsentReason) — trừ panel dùng hasMember hoặc kết quả đa thành phần dùng component, và KHI dùng component thì TỪNG component cũng phải tự đủ value-xor-dataAbsentReason (siết P1 #2 round 3, 14/08/2026: component RỖNG từng là đường né hợp đồng; hasMember treo — trỏ resource không tồn tại — bị chặn ở tầng example-graph closure). A final/amended/corrected lab result SHALL have exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason, unless it is a panel (hasMember) or a multi-component result whose EVERY component itself carries exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason.	(status = 'final' or status = 'amended' or status = 'corrected') implies (hasMember.where(reference.exists() or identifier.exists()).exists() or (component.exists() and component.all(value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists())) or (value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists()))
vn-lab-observation-code-system	error	Observation.code, Observation.component.code	Mã xét nghiệm phải có ít nhất một coding thuộc LOINC hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam. A lab result code SHALL carry at least one coding from LOINC or the Vietnamese clinical-lab indicator catalogue.	coding.where(system.hasValue() and code.hasValue() and (system = 'http://loinc.org' or system = 'http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs')).exists()
vn-lab-observation-ucum	error	Observation	Kết quả dạng số — ở giá trị gốc HOẶC ở từng component — phải dùng đơn vị UCUM và có mã đơn vị, không chỉ có tên đơn vị dạng chữ. A quantitative lab result SHALL use a UCUM-coded unit.	(value.ofType(Quantity).exists() implies (value.ofType(Quantity).system.hasValue() and value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and value.ofType(Quantity).code.hasValue())) and component.value.ofType(Quantity).all(system.hasValue() and system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and code.hasValue())

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Summary

Mandatory: 4 elements(4 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 14 elements
Fixed: 3 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-service-request)
• Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-patient)
• Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-encounter)
• Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-practitioner)
• Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-practitioner-role)
• Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-organization)
• Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-specimen)

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the values of Observation.category
• The element 1 is sliced based on the values of Observation.code.coding
• The element 1 is sliced based on the values of Observation.value[x]

Dạng xem phần tử chính

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vn-lab-observation-ucum, vn-lab-final-result-complete
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile)	Chỉ định xét nghiệm làm căn cứ trả kết quả
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	Trạng thái (registered, preliminary, final, amended) Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
category:Laboratory	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Laboratory
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SOΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã xét nghiệm — LOINC và/hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã LOINC
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
coding:vnCls	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT) — miền xét nghiệm
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile)	Bệnh nhân Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile)	Lượt khám liên quan
effective[x]	SOΣ	1..1		Thời điểm lấy mẫu/đo Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile | Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile | Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile)	Người/đơn vị thực hiện xét nghiệm
Slices for value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Kết quả xét nghiệm Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	ΣC	0..1	Quantity	Actual result
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
system	ΣC	0..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	SΣ	0..1	code	Mã đơn vị UCUM — đối chiếu được với property `ucum-unit` của mã CLS
interpretation	SO	0..*	CodeableConcept	Diễn giải (H, L, N, A...) Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
note		0..*	Annotation	Ghi chú kết quả
method	SO	0..1	CodeableConcept	Phương pháp xét nghiệm — TT 49/2018/TT-BYT Điều 5 khoản 4 điểm a Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
specimen		0..1	Reference(Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile)	Mẫu bệnh phẩm
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Khoảng tham chiếu Constraints: obs-3
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
component	SOΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã chỉ số xét nghiệm thành phần — LOINC hoặc danh mục CLS Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system
Documentation for this format

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category:Laboratory	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.​comparator	Base	required	QuantityComparator	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vn-lab-final-result-complete	error	Observation	Kết quả xét nghiệm ở trạng thái final/amended/corrected phải có ĐÚNG MỘT trong hai: giá trị (value) hoặc lý do vắng giá trị (dataAbsentReason) — trừ panel dùng hasMember hoặc kết quả đa thành phần dùng component, và KHI dùng component thì TỪNG component cũng phải tự đủ value-xor-dataAbsentReason (siết P1 #2 round 3, 14/08/2026: component RỖNG từng là đường né hợp đồng; hasMember treo — trỏ resource không tồn tại — bị chặn ở tầng example-graph closure). A final/amended/corrected lab result SHALL have exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason, unless it is a panel (hasMember) or a multi-component result whose EVERY component itself carries exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason.	(status = 'final' or status = 'amended' or status = 'corrected') implies (hasMember.where(reference.exists() or identifier.exists()).exists() or (component.exists() and component.all(value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists())) or (value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists()))
vn-lab-observation-code-system	error	Observation.code, Observation.component.code	Mã xét nghiệm phải có ít nhất một coding thuộc LOINC hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam. A lab result code SHALL carry at least one coding from LOINC or the Vietnamese clinical-lab indicator catalogue.	coding.where(system.hasValue() and code.hasValue() and (system = 'http://loinc.org' or system = 'http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs')).exists()
vn-lab-observation-ucum	error	Observation	Kết quả dạng số — ở giá trị gốc HOẶC ở từng component — phải dùng đơn vị UCUM và có mã đơn vị, không chỉ có tên đơn vị dạng chữ. A quantitative lab result SHALL use a UCUM-coded unit.	(value.ofType(Quantity).exists() implies (value.ofType(Quantity).system.hasValue() and value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and value.ofType(Quantity).code.hasValue())) and component.value.ofType(Quantity).all(system.hasValue() and system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and code.hasValue())

Dạng xem Differential

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: vn-lab-observation-ucum, vn-lab-final-result-complete
basedOn		0..*	Reference(Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile)	Chỉ định xét nghiệm làm căn cứ trả kết quả
status	SO	1..1	code	Trạng thái (registered, preliminary, final, amended) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
category:Laboratory	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Required Pattern: At least the following Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Laboratory
code	SOC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã xét nghiệm — LOINC và/hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for coding		0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	S	0..1	Coding	Mã LOINC
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
coding:vnCls	S	0..1	Coding	Mã chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT) — miền xét nghiệm
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
subject	SO	1..1	Reference(Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile)	Bệnh nhân Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
encounter		0..1	Reference(Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile)	Lượt khám liên quan
effective[x]	SO	1..1	dateTime, Period, Timing, instant	Thời điểm lấy mẫu/đo Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
performer		0..*	Reference(Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile | Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile | Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile)	Người/đơn vị thực hiện xét nghiệm
Slices for value[x]	SO	0..1	Quantity, CodeableConcept, string, boolean, integer, Range, Ratio, SampledData, time, dateTime, Period	Kết quả xét nghiệm Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
value[x]:valueQuantity		0..1	Quantity	Actual result
system		0..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	S	0..1	code	Mã đơn vị UCUM — đối chiếu được với property `ucum-unit` của mã CLS
interpretation	SO	0..*	CodeableConcept	Diễn giải (H, L, N, A...) Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
note		0..*	Annotation	Ghi chú kết quả
method	SO	0..1	CodeableConcept	Phương pháp xét nghiệm — TT 49/2018/TT-BYT Điều 5 khoản 4 điểm a Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
specimen		0..1	Reference(Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile)	Mẫu bệnh phẩm
referenceRange		0..*	BackboneElement	Khoảng tham chiếu
component	SO	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
code	SC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã chỉ số xét nghiệm thành phần — LOINC hoặc danh mục CLS Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system
Documentation for this format

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings (Differential)

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.component.​code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
vn-lab-final-result-complete	error	Observation	Kết quả xét nghiệm ở trạng thái final/amended/corrected phải có ĐÚNG MỘT trong hai: giá trị (value) hoặc lý do vắng giá trị (dataAbsentReason) — trừ panel dùng hasMember hoặc kết quả đa thành phần dùng component, và KHI dùng component thì TỪNG component cũng phải tự đủ value-xor-dataAbsentReason (siết P1 #2 round 3, 14/08/2026: component RỖNG từng là đường né hợp đồng; hasMember treo — trỏ resource không tồn tại — bị chặn ở tầng example-graph closure). A final/amended/corrected lab result SHALL have exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason, unless it is a panel (hasMember) or a multi-component result whose EVERY component itself carries exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason.	(status = 'final' or status = 'amended' or status = 'corrected') implies (hasMember.where(reference.exists() or identifier.exists()).exists() or (component.exists() and component.all(value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists())) or (value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists()))
vn-lab-observation-code-system	error	Observation.code, Observation.component.code	Mã xét nghiệm phải có ít nhất một coding thuộc LOINC hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam. A lab result code SHALL carry at least one coding from LOINC or the Vietnamese clinical-lab indicator catalogue.	coding.where(system.hasValue() and code.hasValue() and (system = 'http://loinc.org' or system = 'http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs')).exists()
vn-lab-observation-ucum	error	Observation	Kết quả dạng số — ở giá trị gốc HOẶC ở từng component — phải dùng đơn vị UCUM và có mã đơn vị, không chỉ có tên đơn vị dạng chữ. A quantitative lab result SHALL use a UCUM-coded unit.	(value.ofType(Quantity).exists() implies (value.ofType(Quantity).system.hasValue() and value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and value.ofType(Quantity).code.hasValue())) and component.value.ofType(Quantity).all(system.hasValue() and system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and code.hasValue())

Dạng xem SnapshotView

Name	Flags	Card.	Type	Description & Constraints    Filter: Bindings Constraints Obligations
Observation	C	0..*	Observation	Measurements and simple assertions Constraints: obs-6, obs-7, vn-lab-observation-ucum, vn-lab-final-result-complete
id	Σ	0..1	id	Logical id of this artifact
meta	Σ	0..1	Meta	Metadata about the resource
implicitRules	?!Σ	0..1	uri	A set of rules under which this content was created
language		0..1	code	Language of the resource content Binding: CommonLanguages (preferred): A human language. Additional Bindings Purpose AllLanguages Max Binding
text		0..1	Narrative	Text summary of the resource, for human interpretation This profile does not constrain the narrative in regard to content, language, or traceability to data elements
contained		0..*	Resource	Contained, inline Resources
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored
identifier	Σ	0..*	Identifier	Business Identifier for observation
basedOn	Σ	0..*	Reference(Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile)	Chỉ định xét nghiệm làm căn cứ trả kết quả
partOf	Σ	0..*	Reference(MedicationAdministration | MedicationDispense | MedicationStatement | Procedure | Immunization | ImagingStudy)	Part of referenced event
status	?!SOΣ	1..1	code	Trạng thái (registered, preliminary, final, amended) Binding: ObservationStatus (required): Codes providing the status of an observation. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
Slices for category	SO	1..*	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Slice: Unordered, Open by value:$this Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
category:Laboratory	SO	1..1	CodeableConcept	Classification of type of observation Binding: ObservationCategoryCodes (preferred): Codes for high level observation categories. Required Pattern: At least the following Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
coding		1..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Fixed Value: (Complex)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
system		1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://terminology.hl7.org/CodeSystem/observation-category
version		0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code		1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system Fixed Value: laboratory
display		1..1	string	Representation defined by the system Fixed Value: Laboratory
userSelected		0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text		0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
code	SOΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã xét nghiệm — LOINC và/hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
Slices for coding	Σ	0..*	Coding	Code defined by a terminology system Slice: Unordered, Open by value:system
coding:loinc	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã LOINC
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://loinc.org
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
coding:vnCls	SΣ	0..1	Coding	Mã chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam (QĐ 1227/QĐ-BYT) — miền xét nghiệm
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
system	Σ	1..1	uri	Identity of the terminology system Fixed Value: http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs
version	Σ	0..1	string	Version of the system - if relevant
code	Σ	1..1	code	Symbol in syntax defined by the system
display	Σ	0..1	string	Representation defined by the system
userSelected	Σ	0..1	boolean	If this coding was chosen directly by the user
text	Σ	0..1	string	Plain text representation of the concept
subject	SOΣ	1..1	Reference(Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile)	Bệnh nhân Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
focus	Σ	0..*	Reference(Resource)	What the observation is about, when it is not about the subject of record
encounter	Σ	0..1	Reference(Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile)	Lượt khám liên quan
effective[x]	SOΣ	1..1		Thời điểm lấy mẫu/đo Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
effectiveDateTime			dateTime
effectivePeriod			Period
effectiveTiming			Timing
effectiveInstant			instant
issued	Σ	0..1	instant	Date/Time this version was made available
performer	Σ	0..*	Reference(Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile | Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile | Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile)	Người/đơn vị thực hiện xét nghiệm
Slices for value[x]	SOΣC	0..1		Kết quả xét nghiệm Slice: Unordered, Open by type:$this Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
value[x]:valueQuantity	ΣC	0..1	Quantity	Actual result
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations Slice: Unordered, Open by value:url
value	Σ	0..1	decimal	Numerical value (with implicit precision)
comparator	?!Σ	0..1	code	< | <= | >= | > - how to understand the value Binding: QuantityComparator (required): How the Quantity should be understood and represented.
unit	Σ	0..1	string	Unit representation
system	ΣC	0..1	uri	System that defines coded unit form Fixed Value: http://unitsofmeasure.org
code	SΣ	0..1	code	Mã đơn vị UCUM — đối chiếu được với property `ucum-unit` của mã CLS
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation	SO	0..*	CodeableConcept	Diễn giải (H, L, N, A...) Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
note		0..*	Annotation	Ghi chú kết quả
bodySite		0..1	CodeableConcept	Observed body part Binding: SNOMEDCTBodyStructures (example): Codes describing anatomical locations. May include laterality.
method	SO	0..1	CodeableConcept	Phương pháp xét nghiệm — TT 49/2018/TT-BYT Điều 5 khoản 4 điểm a Binding: ObservationMethods (example): Methods for simple observations. Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
specimen		0..1	Reference(Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile)	Mẫu bệnh phẩm
device		0..1	Reference(Device | DeviceMetric)	(Measurement) Device
referenceRange	C	0..*	BackboneElement	Khoảng tham chiếu Constraints: obs-3
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
low	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	Low Range, if relevant
high	C	0..1	SimpleQuantity(4.0.1)	High Range, if relevant
type		0..1	CodeableConcept	Reference range qualifier Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeMeaningCodes (preferred): Code for the meaning of a reference range.
appliesTo		0..*	CodeableConcept	Reference range population Binding: ObservationReferenceRangeAppliesToCodes (example): Codes identifying the population the reference range applies to.
age		0..1	Range	Applicable age range, if relevant
text		0..1	string	Text based reference range in an observation
hasMember	Σ	0..*	Reference(Observation | QuestionnaireResponse | MolecularSequence)	Related resource that belongs to the Observation group
derivedFrom	Σ	0..*	Reference(DocumentReference | ImagingStudy | Media | QuestionnaireResponse | Observation | MolecularSequence)	Related measurements the observation is made from
component	SOΣ	0..*	BackboneElement	Component results Obligations Actor SHALL:populate-if-known Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester) SHALL:populate-if-known Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source) SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)
id		0..1	string	Unique id for inter-element referencing
extension		0..*	Extension	Additional content defined by implementations
modifierExtension	?!Σ	0..*	Extension	Extensions that cannot be ignored even if unrecognized
code	SΣC	1..1	CodeableConcept	Mã chỉ số xét nghiệm thành phần — LOINC hoặc danh mục CLS Việt Nam Binding: Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet (extensible) Constraints: vn-lab-observation-code-system
value[x]	Σ	0..1		Actual component result
valueQuantity			Quantity
valueCodeableConcept			CodeableConcept
valueString			string
valueBoolean			boolean
valueInteger			integer
valueRange			Range
valueRatio			Ratio
valueSampledData			SampledData
valueTime			time
valueDateTime			dateTime
valuePeriod			Period
dataAbsentReason	C	0..1	CodeableConcept	Why the component result is missing Binding: DataAbsentReason (extensible): Codes specifying why the result (Observation.value[x]) is missing.
interpretation		0..*	CodeableConcept	High, low, normal, etc. Binding: ObservationInterpretationCodes (extensible): Codes identifying interpretations of observations.
referenceRange		0..*	See referenceRange (Observation)	Provides guide for interpretation of component result
Documentation for this format

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Terminology Bindings

Path	Status	Usage	ValueSet	Version	Source
Observation.language	Base	preferred	Common Languages	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.status	Base	required	ObservationStatus	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.category:Laboratory	Base	preferred	Observation Category Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.value[x]:valueQuantity.​comparator	Base	required	QuantityComparator	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.bodySite	Base	example	SNOMED CT Body Structures	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.method	Base	example	Observation Methods	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​type	Base	preferred	Observation Reference Range Meaning Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.referenceRange.​appliesTo	Base	example	Observation Reference Range Applies To Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​code	Base	extensible	Mã kết quả xét nghiệm — VN Lab Observation Code ValueSet	📦0.10.0	This IG
Observation.component.​dataAbsentReason	Base	extensible	DataAbsentReason	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.
Observation.component.​interpretation	Base	extensible	Observation Interpretation Codes	📍4.0.1	FHIR Std.

Constraints

Id	Grade	Path(s)	Description	Expression
dom-2	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT contain nested Resources	contained.contained.empty()
dom-3	error	Observation	If the resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL be referred to from elsewhere in the resource or SHALL refer to the containing resource	contained.where((('#'+id in (%resource.descendants().reference | %resource.descendants().as(canonical) | %resource.descendants().as(uri) | %resource.descendants().as(url))) or descendants().where(reference = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists() or descendants().where(as(canonical) = '#').exists()).not()).trace('unmatched', id).empty()
dom-4	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a meta.versionId or a meta.lastUpdated	contained.meta.versionId.empty() and contained.meta.lastUpdated.empty()
dom-5	error	Observation	If a resource is contained in another resource, it SHALL NOT have a security label	contained.meta.security.empty()
dom-6	best practice	Observation	A resource should have narrative for robust management	text.`div`.exists()
ele-1	error	**ALL** elements	All FHIR elements must have a @value or children	hasValue() or (children().count() > id.count())
ext-1	error	**ALL** extensions	Must have either extensions or value[x], not both	extension.exists() != value.exists()
obs-3	error	Observation.referenceRange	Must have at least a low or a high or text	low.exists() or high.exists() or text.exists()
obs-6	error	Observation	dataAbsentReason SHALL only be present if Observation.value[x] is not present	dataAbsentReason.empty() or value.empty()
obs-7	error	Observation	If Observation.code is the same as an Observation.component.code then the value element associated with the code SHALL NOT be present	value.empty() or component.code.where(coding.intersect(%resource.code.coding).exists()).empty()
vn-lab-final-result-complete	error	Observation	Kết quả xét nghiệm ở trạng thái final/amended/corrected phải có ĐÚNG MỘT trong hai: giá trị (value) hoặc lý do vắng giá trị (dataAbsentReason) — trừ panel dùng hasMember hoặc kết quả đa thành phần dùng component, và KHI dùng component thì TỪNG component cũng phải tự đủ value-xor-dataAbsentReason (siết P1 #2 round 3, 14/08/2026: component RỖNG từng là đường né hợp đồng; hasMember treo — trỏ resource không tồn tại — bị chặn ở tầng example-graph closure). A final/amended/corrected lab result SHALL have exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason, unless it is a panel (hasMember) or a multi-component result whose EVERY component itself carries exactly one of value[x] or dataAbsentReason.	(status = 'final' or status = 'amended' or status = 'corrected') implies (hasMember.where(reference.exists() or identifier.exists()).exists() or (component.exists() and component.all(value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists())) or (value.exists() xor dataAbsentReason.coding.exists()))
vn-lab-observation-code-system	error	Observation.code, Observation.component.code	Mã xét nghiệm phải có ít nhất một coding thuộc LOINC hoặc danh mục chỉ số cận lâm sàng Việt Nam. A lab result code SHALL carry at least one coding from LOINC or the Vietnamese clinical-lab indicator catalogue.	coding.where(system.hasValue() and code.hasValue() and (system = 'http://loinc.org' or system = 'http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/CodeSystem/vn-cls-cs')).exists()
vn-lab-observation-ucum	error	Observation	Kết quả dạng số — ở giá trị gốc HOẶC ở từng component — phải dùng đơn vị UCUM và có mã đơn vị, không chỉ có tên đơn vị dạng chữ. A quantitative lab result SHALL use a UCUM-coded unit.	(value.ofType(Quantity).exists() implies (value.ofType(Quantity).system.hasValue() and value.ofType(Quantity).system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and value.ofType(Quantity).code.hasValue())) and component.value.ofType(Quantity).all(system.hasValue() and system = 'http://unitsofmeasure.org' and code.hasValue())

Name	Bên yêu cầu dữ liệu lõi (Data Requester)	Kho hồ sơ EMR (Repository)	Bên đáp ứng dữ liệu lõi (Data Responder)	Nguồn tạo hồ sơ lâm sàng (Document Source)
Observation
status	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for category	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
category:Laboratory	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
code	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for coding
subject	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
effective[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Slices for value[x]	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
interpretation	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
method	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
component	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:handle	SHALL:no-error & SHALL:persist	SHALL:populate-if-known	SHALL:populate-if-known
Documentation for this format

Summary

Mandatory: 4 elements(4 nested mandatory elements)
Must-Support: 14 elements
Fixed: 3 elements

Structures

This structure refers to these other structures:

• Yêu cầu DVKT/Cận lâm sàng VN Core — VN Core ServiceRequest Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-service-request)
• Bệnh nhân VN Core — VN Core Patient Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-patient)
• Lượt khám/nhập viện VN Core — VN Core Encounter Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-encounter)
• Nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core Practitioner Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-practitioner)
• Vai trò nhân viên y tế VN Core — VN Core PractitionerRole Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-practitioner-role)
• Cơ sở y tế VN Core — VN Core Organization Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-organization)
• Mẫu bệnh phẩm VN Core — VN Core Specimen Profile (http://fhir.hl7.org.vn/core/StructureDefinition/vn-core-specimen)

Slices

This structure defines the following Slices:

• The element 1 is sliced based on the values of Observation.category
• The element 1 is sliced based on the values of Observation.code.coding
• The element 1 is sliced based on the values of Observation.value[x]